Description:

Principles and basics of alternative energy sources applications. Solar energy. Heat pumps.

Contents:

Solar energy. Origin of solar energy, space propagation and impact on Earth. Geometry of solar radiation. Solar
irradiation and dose of sun irradiation on a generally oriented and generally inclined surface.
. Theoretical and real time of sunshine. Measurement. Solar radiation doses in the Czech Republic and Europe.
. Solar thermal collectors - types (flat plate, tube, concentrating, fluid, air).
. Heat output of the solar collector. Efficiency of solar collectors, efficiency curve and its determination.
. Liquid solar thermal systems. Calculation of the heat demand and determination of the heat gains of the solar
system. Design of area of solar collector for basic applications (hot water preparation).
. Solar fraction. Mean utilized heat gains of the solar system.
. Accumulation water storage tanks, hot water storage tanks, combined storage tanks.
. Heat pumps. Basic principles of transferring energy. Carnot's cycle. Rankin's cycle. Real cycle. Heat pump
components - compressor, evaporator, condenser, expansion valve, refrigerant.
. Heat pump characteristics. Heat output, cooling capacity, electric power. Testing of heat pumps. Coefficient of
performance. Seasonal coefficient of performance. Minimum coefficient of performance from the point of view
of the primary fuels replacement.
. Sources of low-potential heat for heat pump (air, water, ground, waste heat). Borehole design. Underground
collector design. Pumping well design. Design of air flow rate.
. Operation modes of heat pumps (monovalent, bivalent, alternative). Balance of operation, Interval Method.
Seasonal coefficient of performance. Thermal storage reservoirs for heat pumps and their design. Hydraulic
connection.
. Advanced heat pump systems. Advanced heat pump configurations (after cooler, superheated steam cooler).
. Reduction of the electric energy consumption of systems with heat pumps in combination with solar systems.

Seminar contents:

Geometry of solar radiation. Efficiency and thermal output of solar collector. Dimensioning of solar collector area for water heating systems. Energy gains calculation. Heat pump cycle in diagramm pressure-enthalpy. Dimensioning of low-potential heat sources for heat pumps (ground bore holes and flat collectors, wells, waste air). Design of heat pump for heating (heat load, heating water temperature).

Recommended literature:

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenergie: Planning and Installing Solar Thermal Systems: A Guide for Installers,
Architects, and Engineers, Earthscan, 2005
? Karl Ochsner: Geothermal Heat Pumps: A Guide for Planning and Installing. available online:
http://books.google.cz/books?id=O88GhFYKfoC&
printsec=frontcover&hl=cs&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

Keywords:

solar energy, heat pumps, combustion of biomass

Abbreviations used:

Semester:

• W ... winter semester (usually October - February)
• S ... spring semester (usually March - June)
• W,S ... both semesters

Mode of completion of the course:

• A ... Assessment (no grade is given to this course but credits are awarded. You will receive only P (Passed) of F (Failed) and number of credits)
• GA ... Graded Assessment (a grade is awarded for this course)
• EX ... Examination (a grade is awarded for this course)
• A, EX ... Examination (the award of Assessment is a precondition for taking the Examination in the given subject, a grade is awarded for this course)

Weekly load (hours per week):

• P ... lecture
• C ... seminar
• L ... laboratory
• R ... proseminar
• S ... seminar